The three trails are known as the Mollepata, Classic and One Day trails, with Mollepata being the longest of the three. The western route followed the coastal plain not including in coastal deserts where it hugged the foothills. The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is actually three routes, which all meet up near Inti-Pata, the 'Sun Gate' and entrance to Machu Picchu. [1]:245-246, One of the difficulties of creating bridges was obtaining wood. Situated between 500 to 800 metres (1,600 to 2,600 ft) above sea level, this monumental road, which could reach 20 metres (66 ft) in width, connected populated areas, administrative centres, agricultural and mining zones as well as ceremonial centres and sacred spaces. Not only did the road simply provide transportation for people who were traveling through the empire, the road also provided many military and religious purposes for the Inca. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Schematic overview of the altitude changes. Inca Roads. The Camino Real traversed the mountain ranges of the Andes, with peak altitudes of more than 5,000 m (16,000 ft). [12], A high degree of energetic investment was put into the ritual purposes of the road. "There were at least 1,000 and perhaps 2,000 way stations or tambos, placed at even intervals along the trails. A 1997 study concluded that the site's agricultural potential would not have been sufficient to support residents, even on a seasonal basis.[16]. By far the most popular of the Inca trails for trekking is the Capaq Nan trail, which leads from the village of Ollantaytambo to Machu Picchu, the so-called "Lost City of the Incas". [1]:242[6]:97 The Incas developed techniques to overcome the difficult territory of the Andes. The trails were used by the Inca people as a means of relaying messages, carried via knotted-cord quipu and by memory; and for transporting goods. Messages consisted of knotted-cord records known as quipu along with a spoken message. If the bridges were made from rope, they had to be replaced about every two years, then they would burn it down. It began in Quito, Ecuador, passed through Cusco, and ended in what is now Tucumán, Argentina. Bridges were sometimes built in pairs" (Wikipedia article on Inca Road System, accessed 07-24-2009). It allowed the Inca to control his Empire and to send troops as needed from the capital, Cusco.[9]. Many new sections were built or upgraded substantially: through Chile's Atacama desert, and along the western margin of Lake Titicaca, as two examples. They were allowed to run on the roads. The roadrunners were the mailmen of the Inca empire. [2]:634 The network was based on two north-south roads with numerous branches. Chaskis could cover an estimated 240 km per day. Accuracy was important. [6]:120, These roads provided easy, reliable and quick routes for the Empire's civilian and military communications, personnel movement, and logistical support. The two longer routes require an ascent to beyond 12,000 ft (3,660 m) above sea level, which can result in altitude sickness. The chasqui were known as the runners of the empire. It began in Quito, Ecuador, passed through Cusco, and ended in what is now Tucumán, Argentina. Llamas and alpacas are lightweight animals. Part of the road network was built by cultures that precede the Inca Empire, notably the Wari culture. The Incas built more than 18,600 miles/30,000 km of paved roads in the most rugged terrain in the world. The most important Inca road was the Camino Real, as it is known in Spanish, with a length of 5,200 km (3,230 mi). This is one of the reasons the Inca empire was so powerful. [1]:245, Much of the system was the result of the Incas claiming exclusive right over numerous traditional routes, some of which had been constructed centuries earlier mostly by the Wari Empire. In 2014 the road system became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[4]. The inns provided food, shelter and military supplies to the tens of thousands who traveled the roads. It is rebuilt every 2 years. Sometimes, the laborers who were making the bridges has to bring the lumber from very far away. The Qhapaq Ñan unified this immense and heterogeneous empire through a well-organized political system of power. The Inca used the road system for a variety of purposes. [2]:637, The construction of these bridges was accomplished by the help of many workers. "Spanish chroniclers frequently described lengthy journeys made by the Inca ruler, carried on a litter, and surrounded by thousands of soldiers and retainers, to various parts of his empire. Learn Inca road system facts for kids. A: Ecuador, Pichincha, B: Mendoza, Argentina, C: Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile. Another thing that was very important to the Inca was their roads. These were food items had an extremely long expiration date which made them ideal for long term storage for the military[13], To give an example of the degree to which Incas stored supplies, one facility at Huánuco Pampa totaled as much as 37,100 cubic meters and could support a population of between twelve and fifteen thousand people. Although the roads were built by the common people, once they were built, the common people were not allowed to use them unless they had special permission from the government to do so. [2]:632 Inca rope bridges also provided access across narrow valleys. It was More than twenty routes ran over the western mountains, while others traversed the eastern cordillera in the montana and lowlands. They had large stone cities, beautiful temples, an advanced government, a detailed tax system, and an intricate road system. This is evidenced by the fact that there are no large government storage facilities at the site. "Among the many roads and trails constructed in pre-Columbian South America, the Inca road system, or Qhapaq Ñan was the most extensive and highly advanced for its time. A bridge across the Apurímac River, west of Cuzco, spanned a distance of 45 metres. [10]:15 Tampu (also tambu, tampo), or way stations, were used as resting places for the chasquis as they made their journeys. The Inca road system (El Camino Inca) of Peru was the most extensive among the many roads and trails that were constructed in pre-Columbian South America.. The western route followed the coastal plain except in coastal deserts where it hugged the foothills.
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