30. 34. With independence from Britain came the Indian constitution, and Article 15 of that document outlawed discrimination on the grounds of caste and race. Eravallan 32. Hasla The safeguards enshrined in the Constitution stipulate that governments should take special care to advance the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, that untouchability is unacceptable and that all Dalit communities should have unrestricted entry in Hindu temples and other religious institutions. the title to some landlords. 28. 2.Malayan 4. Nadar (Hindu) Arya Pandithars Barendse explains this development: ... it turned to gross unrequited exploitation only in the nineteenth century when the British colonial pacification removed the threat of the peasant harvests being ravaged by armies or robbers and their huts being burned to the ground. [22] There was an estimated 4.25 lakh slaves in Kerala during the middle of the 19th century. Thus, the Kerala caste system was ritualised but it was not the varnamodel found elsewhere. These people were then distinguished from others in the local population by their occupation as protectors, with the others all being classed as out-caste. Maravans 42. 19. castes which pollutes at a distance. Samagara 53. Madivalas In the colonial period, many lower castes were converted to Christians by the European Missionaries but the new converts were not allowed to join the Syrian Christian community and they continued to be considered as untouchables even by the Syrian Christians. 30. Viswakaramas including Asari Chaptegra, Kallassary,Kalthachan,Kammala,Kamsala, Kannan,Karuvan,Kitaran,Kollan,Malayala Kammala, Moosari,Pandikammala,Pandithattan,Perumkolllan,Thachan,Thattan, Vilkurup,Villasan,Viswabrahmanan or Viswabrahmanar and Viswakarmala 20. 29. Malai Arayan (Mala Arayan) [10], The lower castes, particularly the Pulayars were not even allowed to breathe the same air as the other castes or use a public pathway. Gosangi Arunthathiyar Cholanaickan Gowda 8. 7. 18. Koteyar 44. 26. 13. Aranda (Arandan) [21] In the census of 1836, 164,864 people out of the 1,280,668 were slaves in Travancore. 4. [20], According to an estimate by Dr. Francis Buchanan in 1801 AD, 41,367 persons out of the 292,366 populations were slaves in the south, central and Northern divisions of the Malabar. Caste remains endogamous. [9] A lower caste person could pollute a higher caste person by merely coming within a certain distance from him or in extreme cases the pollution is transmitted even by simply seeing a lower caste person. Nairs and Kurups were soldiers. Weiner points out that despite the ideological demise: ... as a lived-in social reality it is very much alive. 13. The Brahmins used their symbiotic relationship with the invading forces to assert their beliefs and position. The caste system in Kerala differed from that found in the rest of India. 27. Pillai of Cochin were also honours conferred by the rulers.
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